The bioprotective role of irradiated hibiscus against harmful effects of using repeatedly frying edible oil

Abstract Repeatedly frying process of dietary edible oil has a potential role in the generation of free radicals. Therefore, questions have always been raised as to whether, there is an efficient and economical method to reduce the harmful effects of repeated use of frying edible oil. Since hibiscus has been stated to have a wide variety of therapeutic effects, it was important to investigate its properties against harmful effects of free radicals. The current study aspires to find out whether irradiated powder of hibiscus has a protective role against adverse effects of repeated use of frying edible oil. Thirty-five adult male albino rats were equally assigned into five groups. First groupG1 was fed with normal diet as control group, meanwhile, groupG2 the diet mixed with fresh oil, G3 diet mixed with repeatedly frying oil only, G4 diet mixed with frying oil treated with hibiscus and G5 diet mixed with frying oil treated with irradiated hibiscus. Feeding duration was six weeks. Fatty acid analyses of oil as well as peroxide values were determined. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical analyses as well as histological study. Repeatedly heated cooked oil has significant increases in peroxide value, acid value, free fatty acid and both conjugated diene and triene compared with repeatedly frying oil treated with hibiscus. Also there are significant increases in cholesterol and triglyceride and impaired in liver functions in G3compared with others. In addition, relative to the hibiscus groups, there is a substantial reduction in oxygen consumption in G3. Both hibiscus as well as irradiated hibiscus attract attention in order to play a vital and economical role against harmful effects of frequent use of frying edible oil on some biological functions but, irradiated hibiscus was more effective.

Resumo O processo de fritura repetida de óleo comestível da dieta tem papel potencial na geração de radicais livres que podem ter efeitos prejudiciais em algumas funções biológicas. Portanto, sempre se questionou se existe uma maneira eficiente e econômica de prevenir ou pelo menos reduzir os efeitos nocivos do uso repetido de óleo comestível para fritar. Como o hibisco tem ampla variedade de efeitos terapêuticos, foi importante investigar suas propriedades como agente antioxidante contra os efeitos nocivos dos radicais livres. O presente estudo pretende descobrir se o pó irradiado de hibisco tem papel protetor contra os efeitos adversos do uso repetido de óleo comestível para fritar. Trinta e cinco ratos albinos machos adultos foram divididos igualmente em cinco grupos. O primeiro grupo G1 foi alimentado com dieta normal como grupo controle, enquanto o grupo G2 dieta misturada com óleo fresco, dieta G3 misturada com óleo de fritura repetida, dieta G4 misturada com óleo de fritura tratada com hibisco e dieta G5 misturada com óleo de fritura tratada com hibisco irradiado. A duração da alimentação foi de seis semanas. Foram determinadas as análises de ácidos graxos de óleo, bem como os valores de peróxidos. Amostras de sangue e fígado foram coletadas para análises bioquímicas e estudo histológico. O óleo cozido repetidamente aquecido tem aumentos significativos no valor de peróxido, valor de ácido, ácido graxo livre e dieno e trieno conjugados em comparação com óleo de fritura repetidamente tratado com hibisco. Também há aumentos significativos no colesterol e triglicérides e comprometimento das funções hepáticas no G3 em comparação com outros. Além disso, em relação aos grupos de hibiscos, há uma redução substancial no consumo de oxigênio no G3. Tanto o hibisco como o hibisco irradiado chamam atenção por desempenhar papel vital e econômico contra os efeitos nocivos do uso frequente de óleo comestível para fritar em algumas funções biológicas, mas o hibisco irradiado foi mais eficaz.

Fatty acid profile variations after exposure to textile industry effluents in Indian Major Carps

Abstract Indian major carps are the widely consumed fish species of Pakistan, being a cheap source of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, they are good for cardiovascular health. Water pollution due to discharge of untreated industrial waste water into water bodies contaminates this precious source of nutrients. The present study therefore, was aimed to assess deterioration of fatty acid profile of three Indian major carp species due to different concentrations of industrial wastes. The water samples were collected from the river Chenab at the site where it receives industrial wastewater via Chakbandi drain. After exposure to 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% dilutions of collected water in different aquaria it was observed that proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in selected fish species were decreased significantly as the intensity of the dose increased (P 0.05). Conversely the level of saturated fatty acids increased with the increasing dose of treatment (P 0.05). These findings suggest that untreated wastewater not only deteriorate the fatty acid profile of aquatic animals but also these toxic substances can reach human body through fish meat and pose further health hazards. Therefore, it is highly recommended that industrial effluents should be treated before they are dumped into water bodies.

Resumo As carpas indianas são as espécies de peixes mais consumidas no Paquistão, sendo uma fonte barata de proteínas e de ácidos graxos insaturados e boa para a saúde cardiovascular. A poluição da água por causa do descarte de resíduos industriais não tratados em corpos dágua contamina essa preciosa fonte de nutrientes. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a deterioração do perfil de ácidos graxos de três principais espécies de carpas indianas em diferentes concentrações de resíduos industriais. As amostras de água foram coletadas do rio Chenab no local onde recebe esgoto industrial via dreno de Chakbandi. Após a exposição a diluições de 1,5%, 3% e 4,5% da água coletada em diferentes aquários, foi observado que a proporção de ácidos graxos insaturados em espécies de peixes selecionadas diminuiu significativamente com o aumento da intensidade da dose (P 0,05). Por outro lado, o nível de ácidos graxos saturados aumentou com a elevação da dose de tratamento (P 0,05). Essas descobertas sugerem que águas residuais não tratadas não apenas deterioram o perfil de ácidos graxos dos animais aquáticos, mas também essas substâncias tóxicas podem atingir o corpo humano por meio da carne de peixe e representar mais riscos à saúde. Portanto, é recomendável que os efluentes industriais sejam tratados antes de serem despejados em corpos dágua.

The bioprotective role of irradiated hibiscus against harmful effects of using repeatedly frying edible oil / O papel bioprotetor do hibisco irradiado contra os efeitos nocivos do uso de óleo comestível para fritar

Abstract Repeatedly frying process of dietary edible oil has a potential role in the generation of free radicals. Therefore, questions have always been raised as to whether, there is an efficient and economical method to reduce the harmful effects of repeated use of frying edible oil. Since hibiscus has been stated to have a wide variety of therapeutic effects, it was important to investigate its properties against harmful effects of free radicals. The current study aspires to find out whether irradiated powder of hibiscus has a protective role against adverse effects of repeated use of frying edible oil. Thirty-five adult male albino rats were equally assigned into five groups. First group"G1" was fed with normal diet as control group, meanwhile, group"G2" the diet mixed with fresh oil, "G3" diet mixed with repeatedly frying oil only, "G4" diet mixed with frying oil treated with hibiscus and "G5" diet mixed with frying oil treated with irradiated hibiscus. Feeding duration was six weeks. Fatty acid analyses of oil as well as peroxide values were determined. Blood and liver samples were collected for biochemical analyses as well as histological study. Repeatedly heated cooked oil has significant increases in peroxide value, acid value, free fatty acid and both conjugated diene and triene compared with repeatedly frying oil treated with hibiscus. Also there are significant increases in cholesterol and triglyceride and impaired in liver functions in "G3"compared with others. In addition, relative to the hibiscus groups, there is a substantial reduction in oxygen consumption in "G3". Both hibiscus as well as irradiated hibiscus attract attention in order to play a vital and economical role against harmful effects of frequent use of frying edible oil on some biological functions but, irradiated hibiscus was more effective.

Resumo O processo de fritura repetida de óleo comestível da dieta tem papel potencial na geração de radicais livres que podem ter efeitos prejudiciais em algumas funções biológicas. Portanto, sempre se questionou se existe uma maneira eficiente e econômica de prevenir ou pelo menos reduzir os efeitos nocivos do uso repetido de óleo comestível para fritar. Como o hibisco tem ampla variedade de efeitos terapêuticos, foi importante investigar suas propriedades como agente antioxidante contra os efeitos nocivos dos radicais livres. O presente estudo pretende descobrir se o pó irradiado de hibisco tem papel protetor contra os efeitos adversos do uso repetido de óleo comestível para fritar. Trinta e cinco ratos albinos machos adultos foram divididos igualmente em cinco grupos. O primeiro grupo "G1" foi alimentado com dieta normal como grupo controle, enquanto o grupo "G2" dieta misturada com óleo fresco, dieta "G3" misturada com óleo de fritura repetida, dieta "G4" misturada com óleo de fritura tratada com hibisco e dieta "G5" misturada com óleo de fritura tratada com hibisco irradiado. A duração da alimentação foi de seis semanas. Foram determinadas as análises de ácidos graxos de óleo, bem como os valores de peróxidos. Amostras de sangue e fígado foram coletadas para análises bioquímicas e estudo histológico. O óleo cozido repetidamente aquecido tem aumentos significativos no valor de peróxido, valor de ácido, ácido graxo livre e dieno e trieno conjugados em comparação com óleo de fritura repetidamente tratado com hibisco. Também há aumentos significativos no colesterol e triglicérides e comprometimento das funções hepáticas no "G3" em comparação com outros. Além disso, em relação aos grupos de hibiscos, há uma redução substancial no consumo de oxigênio no "G3". Tanto o hibisco como o hibisco irradiado chamam atenção por desempenhar papel vital e econômico contra os efeitos nocivos do uso frequente de óleo comestível para fritar em algumas funções biológicas, mas o hibisco irradiado foi mais eficaz.

Fatty acid profile variations after exposure to textile industry effluents in Indian Major Carps / Variações do perfil de ácidos graxos após exposição a efluentes da indústria têxtil nas principais carpas indianas

Abstract Indian major carps are the widely consumed fish species of Pakistan, being a cheap source of proteins and unsaturated fatty acids, they are good for cardiovascular health. Water pollution due to discharge of untreated industrial waste water into water bodies contaminates this precious source of nutrients. The present study therefore, was aimed to assess deterioration of fatty acid profile of three Indian major carp species due to different concentrations of industrial wastes. The water samples were collected from the river Chenab at the site where it receives industrial wastewater via Chakbandi drain. After exposure to 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% dilutions of collected water in different aquaria it was observed that proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in selected fish species were decreased significantly as the intensity of the dose increased (P < 0.05). Conversely the level of saturated fatty acids increased with the increasing dose of treatment (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that untreated wastewater not only deteriorate the fatty acid profile of aquatic animals but also these toxic substances can reach human body through fish meat and pose further health hazards. Therefore, it is highly recommended that industrial effluents should be treated before they are dumped into water bodies.

Resumo As carpas indianas são as espécies de peixes mais consumidas no Paquistão, sendo uma fonte barata de proteínas e de ácidos graxos insaturados e boa para a saúde cardiovascular. A poluição da água por causa do descarte de resíduos industriais não tratados em corpos d'água contamina essa preciosa fonte de nutrientes. Portanto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a deterioração do perfil de ácidos graxos de três principais espécies de carpas indianas em diferentes concentrações de resíduos industriais. As amostras de água foram coletadas do rio Chenab no local onde recebe esgoto industrial via dreno de Chakbandi. Após a exposição a diluições de 1,5%, 3% e 4,5% da água coletada em diferentes aquários, foi observado que a proporção de ácidos graxos insaturados em espécies de peixes selecionadas diminuiu significativamente com o aumento da intensidade da dose (P < 0,05). Por outro lado, o nível de ácidos graxos saturados aumentou com a elevação da dose de tratamento (P < 0,05). Essas descobertas sugerem que águas residuais não tratadas não apenas deterioram o perfil de ácidos graxos dos animais aquáticos, mas também essas substâncias tóxicas podem atingir o corpo humano por meio da carne de peixe e representar mais riscos à saúde. Portanto, é recomendável que os efluentes industriais sejam tratados antes de serem despejados em corpos d'água.

Atropine does not prevent hypoxemia and bradycardia in tracheal intubation in the pediatric emergency department: observational study / O uso da atropina não previne hipoxemia e bradicardia na intubação traqueal no departamento de emergência pediátrica: estudo observacional

ABSTRACT Objective: The benefit of atropine in pediatric tracheal intubation is not well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of atropine on the incidence of hypoxemia and bradycardia during tracheal intubations in the pediatric emergency department. Methods: This is a single-center observational study in a tertiary pediatric emergency department. Data were collected on all tracheal intubations in patients from 31 days to incomplete 20 years old, performed between January 2016 and September 2020. Procedures were divided into two groups according to the use or not of atropine as a premedication during intubation. Records with missing data, patients with cardiorespiratory arrest, cyanotic congenital heart diseases, and those with chronic lung diseases with baseline hypoxemia were excluded. The primary outcome was hypoxemia (peripheral oxygen saturation ≤88%), while the secondary outcomes were bradycardia (decrease in heart rate >20% between the maximum and minimum values) and critical bradycardia (heart rate <60 bpm) during intubation procedure. Results: A total of 151 tracheal intubations were identified during the study period, of which 126 were eligible. Of those, 77% had complex, chronic underlying diseases. Atropine was administered to 43 (34.1%) patients and was associated with greater odds of hypoxemia in univariable analysis (OR: 2.62; 95%CI 1.15-6.16; p=0.027) but not in multivariable analysis (OR: 2.07; 95%CI 0.42-10.32; p=0.37). Critical bradycardia occurred in only three patients, being two in the atropine group (p=0.26). Bradycardia was analyzed in only 42 procedures. Atropine use was associated with higher odds of bradycardia in multivariable analysis (OR: 11.00; 95%CI 1.3-92.8; p=0.028). Conclusions: Atropine as a premedication in tracheal intubation did not prevent the occurrence of hypoxemia or bradycardia during intubation procedures in pediatric emergency.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da atropina na incidência de hipoxemia e bradicardia durante a intubação orotraqueal no departamento de emergência pediátrica. Métodos: Estudo observacional, realizado em departamento de emergência pediátrica terciário em que foram analisados os registros de intubações orotraqueais de pacientes com 31 dias a 20 anos incompletos, entre janeiro de 2016 e setembro de 2020. Os procedimentos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o uso ou não da atropina como pré-medicação durante a intubação. Foram excluídos os procedimentos com falhas no preenchimento dos dados, pacientes com parada cardiorrespiratória, cardiopatias congênitas cianóticas, e aqueles com pneumopatias crônicas com hipoxemia basal. O desfecho primário foi hipoxemia (saturação periférica de oxigênio ≤88%), enquanto os desfechos secundários foram bradicardia (queda >20% entre a frequência cardíaca máxima e mínima) e bradicardia crítica (frequência cardíaca <60 bpm) durante o procedimento de intubação Resultados: Foram identificados 151 procedimentos de intubação orotraqueal, sendo 126 elegíveis para o estudo. Desses, 77% tinham doenças subjacentes complexas e crônicas. A atropina foi administrada em 43 (34,1%) pacientes e foi associada a maiores chances de hipoxemia na análise univariada (OR: 2,62; IC95% 1,15-6,16; p=0,027), porém, não na análise multivariada (OR: 2,073; IC95% 0,416-10,32; p=0,373). A bradicardia crítica ocorreu em apenas três pacientes, sendo dois no grupo atropina (p=0,268). A bradicardia foi analisada em apenas 42 procedimentos. O uso de atropina foi associado a maior probabilidade de bradicardia (OR: 11,00; IC95% 1,3-92,8; p=0,028) na análise multivariável. Conclusões: Atropina como pré-medicação na intubação orotraqueal não evitou a ocorrência de hipoxemia ou bradicardia durante os procedimentos de intubação na emergência pediátrica.

Effect of obesity, lipids and adipokines on allergic rhinitis risk: a Mendelian randomization study

Abstract Objectives: Observational studies suggested that obesity may promote the development of allergic rhinitis. The aim of this study was to explore the association of obesity, lipids and adipokines with this allergic disease at the genetic level using Mendelian randomization strategies. Methods: Summary data for three obesity indicators (such as body mass index), eight lipid indicators (such as triglycerides) and six adipokines (such as interleukin-6 and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein) were collected, and suitable instrumental variables were extracted from these summary data according to the three main assumptions of Mendelian randomization. Three Mendelian randomization methods (such as inverse variance weighted) were used to detect the casual effect of the above indicators on allergic rhinitis risk. Sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy. Results: After Bonferroni correction, the inverse variance weighted reported that elevated levels of interleukin-6 and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein were nominally associated with the decreased risk of allergic rhinitis (OR = 0.870, 95% CI 0.765-0.990, p = 0.035; OR = 0.732, 95% CI 0.551-0.973, p = 0.032). The other Mendelian randomization methods supported these results. Obesity, lipids and other adipokines were not related to this allergic disease. Sensitivity analyses found no heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy in the study. Conclusion: The study provided some interesting, but not sufficient, evidence to suggest that interleukin-6 and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein might play a protective role in the development of allergic rhinitis at the genetic level. These findings should be validated by more research. Level of evidence: This was a Mendelian randomized study with a level of evidence second only to clinical randomized trials, and higher than cohort and case-control studies.

Tendencia del programa de intervención en DemoMinga, como estrategia para mejorar las dislipidemias y glucemia en la población Norma Luisa, Minga Guazú

Antecedentes: Las enfermedades no transmisibles siguen siendo un problema creciente en el mundo, sobre todo en los países de mediano y bajo ingresos. Los programas de intervención comunitaria se enfocan en su disminución mediante cambios en estilos de vida más saludables. Objetivos: Analizar la tendencia del programa de intervención en actividad física y nutrición, como estrategia para mejorar las dislipidemias y glucemia en los participantes del proyecto DemoMinga. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo. Diseño de investigación acción participativa, de carácter longitudinal, prospectivo. La población estuvo constituida por los participantes del Proyecto DemoMinga. Se determinó en cada participante: colesterol total, triglicéridos y glucemia en ayunas. Las muestras fueron procesadas en el Centro de Investigaciones Médicas de la FACISA-UNE. Se determinaron indicadores de tendencia central (mediana) de cada una de las variables. Resultados: Hubo mayor participación del sexo femenino, con predominio de personas con menos de 45 años. Las mediciones químicas arrojaron una tendencia de disminución a partir del quinto año de intervención, con talleres de cocina saludable incluyendo uso de aceite alto oleico, y actividad física. Sin embargo, la prueba no arrojó diferencias significativas de las mediciones entre la línea de base y el corte a los 6 años. Conclusión: El estudio resalta la importancia de los programas de intervención mediante terapias integrales para la promoción y prevención de las enfermedades cardiometabólicas a largo plazo.

Background: Non-communicable diseases remain a growing problem worldwide, especially in middle and low-income countries. Community intervention programs are focused on reducing their prevalence through promoting healthier lifestyle changes. Objectives: To analyze the trend of the physical activity and nutrition intervention program as a strategy to improve dyslipidemia and glycemia among participants of the DemoMinga project. Materials and methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a participatory action research design, characterized as longitudinal and prospective. The population consisted of participants from the DemoMinga Project. For each participant, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glycemia were measured. Samples were processed at the Medical Research Center of FACISA-UNE. Indicators of central tendency (median) were determined for each of the variables. Results: There was a higher participation of females, with a predominance of individuals under the age of 45. Chemical measurements showed a decreasing trend starting from the fifth year of intervention, involving healthy cooking workshops that included the use of high oleic oil and physical activity. However, the test did not yield significant differences in measurements between the baseline and the 6-year cutoff. Conclusion: The study highlights the significance of intervention programs using comprehensive therapies for the long-term promotion and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.

Tendencia del programa de intervención en DemoMinga, como estrategia para mejorar las dislipidemias y glucemia en la población Norma Luisa, Minga Guazú / Trend of the DemoMinga intervention program as a strategy to improve dyslipidemia and glycemia in the Norma Luisa population, Minga Guazú

Antecedentes: Las enfermedades no transmisibles siguen siendo un problema creciente en el mundo, sobre todo en los países de mediano y bajo ingresos. Los programas de intervención comunitaria se enfocan en su disminución mediante cambios en estilos de vida más saludables. Objetivos: Analizar la tendencia del programa de intervención en actividad física y nutrición, como estrategia para mejorar las dislipidemias y glucemia en los participantes del proyecto DemoMinga. Materiales y métodos: Estudio con enfoque cuantitativo. Diseño de investigación acción participativa, de carácter longitudinal, prospectivo. La población estuvo constituida por los participantes del Proyecto DemoMinga. Se determinó en cada participante: colesterol total, triglicéridos y glucemia en ayunas. Las muestras fueron procesadas en el Centro de Investigaciones Médicas de la FACISA-UNE. Se determinaron indicadores de tendencia central (mediana) de cada una de las variables. Resultados: Hubo mayor participación del sexo femenino, con predominio de personas con menos de 45 años. Las mediciones químicas arrojaron una tendencia de disminución a partir del quinto año de intervención, con talleres de cocina saludable incluyendo uso de aceite alto oleico, y actividad física. Sin embargo, la prueba no arrojó diferencias significativas de las mediciones entre la línea de base y el corte a los 6 años. Conclusión: El estudio resalta la importancia de los programas de intervención mediante terapias integrales para la promoción y prevención de las enfermedades cardiometabólicas a largo plazo.

Background: Non-communicable diseases remain a growing problem worldwide, especially in middle and low-income countries. Community intervention programs are focused on reducing their prevalence through promoting healthier lifestyle changes. Objectives: To analyze the trend of the physical activity and nutrition intervention program as a strategy to improve dyslipidemia and glycemia among participants of the DemoMinga project. Materials and methods: This study employed a quantitative approach with a participatory action research design, characterized as longitudinal and prospective. The population consisted of participants from the DemoMinga Project. For each participant, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting glycemia were measured. Samples were processed at the Medical Research Center of FACISA-UNE. Indicators of central tendency (median) were determined for each of the variables. Results: There was a higher participation of females, with a predominance of individuals under the age of 45. Chemical measurements showed a decreasing trend starting from the fifth year of intervention, involving healthy cooking workshops that included the use of high oleic oil and physical activity. However, the test did not yield significant differences in measurements between the baseline and the 6-year cutoff. Conclusion: The study highlights the significance of intervention programs using comprehensive therapies for the long-term promotion and prevention of cardiometabolic diseases.

A novel study on recently discovered fatty acid taste detection threshold among young lean and overweight individuals

Background: It is likely that the sense of taste evolved to alert humans to the nutritive or poisonous nature of possible foods. This study has been undertaken to unravel and highlight a possible relationship between the fat taste threshold and obesity, especially among young population. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to detect the fat taste threshold in young lean and overweight individuals and to compare the threshold in these individuals with age- and sex-matched normal individuals. Materials and Methods: The taste threshold for fat was detected in 50, normal (Body mass index [BMI] (18.5–24.9 kg/m2), lean (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), and overweight individuals (BMI of 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) of both sexes with the age between 18 and 30 years. The statistical analysis was done using Analysis of variance test. Results: Young lean individuals could detect the fatty acid taste at the lower concentration compared to overweight individuals, who detected at higher concentration (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Lean male and female showed a significant taste detection threshold for fat at low concentration compared to overweight male and female as well as with normal individual. Fatty acid taste detection is very important in day-to-day life for the disease-free life.

Estimation of Lipid and Fatty Acids Composition over the Ground Part of Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) Plants Growing in Namangan Region

The article is devoted to the study of lipids and fatty acid composition of the above-ground part of the Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) plant of the Laminaceae family. It was found that the content of neutral lipids (NL) is 5.54%, PL - 6.12%, and total lipids (NL, PL) - 11.66%. Of the neutral lipids, the unsaponifiable substances (HB) had a bright yellow color, which is explained by a small amount of carotenoids (88.87 mg%). Glycolipids dominate in PL. Among the unsaponifiable substances were found biologically active components such as hydrocarbons, carotenoids, aliphatic alcohols, sterols and triterpenols. Phytosterols were the main component of unsaponifiable NS. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of fatty acids from the plant Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) was carried out by gas chromatography (GC). 28 acids were identified, of which 11 compounds are saturated, and 7 compounds are unsaturated fatty acids. Of the fatty acids, the main ones are linolenic 18:3 (35.48), palmitic 16:0 (33.38%), as well as ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, including eicosanoic 20:1, cis-11,14-eicosadienoic 20:2, 8,11,14-eicosatriene 20:3 + arachidonic 20:4. Extracts of Nepeta olgae Regel (L.) were distinguished by a high content of polyunsaturated acids, which determines their potential biological activity.

Activation of CTHRC1 by HOXB9 Promotes Angiogenesis through Fatty Acid Metabolism in Lung Adenocarcinoma

Abstract Background: CTHRC1 is highly expressed in various cancers. Objectives: The aim of the study was to study the role of CTHRC1 played in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) development and its underlying biological functions. Methods: Enriched pathways and upstream transcription factors of CTHRC1 were explored by bioinformatics analysis. Dual-luciferase assay and Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay were used to verify the binding relationship between CTHRC1 and HOXB9. CCK-8 was utilized to detect cell viability. Expression levels of CTHRC1, HOXB9, and angiogenesis-related genes were assessed by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. Angiogenesis assay was used to detect angiogenesis ability. Quantitative analysis of metabolites were used to detect the accumulation of neutral lipids, the levels of free fatty acids (FAs), and glycerol. Western blot was conducted to measure expression of metabolic enzymes of FA. Results: CTHRC1 was enriched in FA metabolic pathway, which was positively correlated and bound with HOXB9. CTHRC1 and HOXB9 expression was remarkably up-regulated in LUAD cells. Overexpression of CTHRC1 promoted FA metabolic pathway and angiogenesis, and FA inhibitor Orlistat restored it to NC group level. Meanwhile, CTHRC1 affected LUAD angiogenesis by activating HOXB9 to regulate FA metabolism. Conclusions: This study found that activation of CTHRC1 by HOXB9 induces angiogenesis by mediating FA metabolism. CTHRC1 may be a potential target for LUAD diagnosis.

Establishment of leukemia cell model with inducible AML1-ETO expression and its effect on fatty acid metabolism in leukemia cells / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To investigate the effect of the AML1-ETO (AE) fusion gene on the biological function of U937 leukemia cells by establishing a leukemia cell model that induces AE fusion gene expression. Methods: The doxycycline (Dox) -dependent expression of the AE fusion gene in the U937 cell line (U937-AE) were established using a lentivirus vector system. The Cell Counting Kit 8 methods, including the PI and sidanilide induction, were used to detect cell proliferation, cell cycle-induced differentiation assays, respectively. The effect of the AE fusion gene on the biological function of U937-AE cells was preliminarily explored using transcriptome sequencing and metabonomic sequencing. Results: ①The Dox-dependent Tet-on regulatory system was successfully constructed to regulate the stable AE fusion gene expression in U937-AE cells. ②Cell proliferation slowed down and the cell proliferation rate with AE expression (3.47±0.07) was lower than AE non-expression (3.86 ± 0.05) after inducing the AE fusion gene expression for 24 h (P<0.05). The proportion of cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase in the cell cycle increased, with AE expression [ (63.45±3.10) %) ] was higher than AE non-expression [ (41.36± 9.56) %] (P<0.05). The proportion of cells expressing CD13 and CD14 decreased with the expression of AE. The AE negative group is significantly higher than the AE positive group (P<0.05). ③The enrichment analysis of the transcriptome sequencing gene set revealed significantly enriched quiescence, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, interferon-α/γ, and other inflammatory response and immune regulation signals after AE expression. ④Disorder of fatty acid metabolism of U937-AE cells occurred under the influence of AE. The concentration of the medium and short-chain fatty acid acylcarnitine metabolites decreased in cells with AE expressing, propionyl L-carnitine, wherein those with AE expression (0.46±0.13) were lower than those with AE non-expression (1.00±0.27) (P<0.05). The metabolite concentration of some long-chain fatty acid acylcarnitine increased in cells with AE expressing tetradecanoyl carnitine, wherein those with AE expression (1.26±0.01) were higher than those with AE non-expression (1.00±0.05) (P<0.05) . Conclusion: This study successfully established a leukemia cell model that can induce AE expression. The AE expression blocked the cell cycle and inhibited cell differentiation. The gene sets related to the inflammatory reactions was significantly enriched in U937-AE cells that express AE, and fatty acid metabolism was disordered.

Plasma Acylcarnitine and Urinary Organic Acid Profiling for the diagnosis of Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorder and Organic Acidurias using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and gas chromatography tandem with mass spectrometry (GC-MS): a retrospective study

INTRODUCTION@#Acylcarnitines in plasma and urinary organic acids are essential diagnostic markers for some Inborn Errors of Metabolism (IEM) such as fatty acid oxidation disorders, and disorders related to organic acids metabolism. By virtue of R. A. 9288, Filipino newborn babies are screened for inherited metabolic disorders via the analysis of dried blood spots (DBS) using MS/MS. @*OBJECTIVE@#This study aimed to establish the plasma acylcarnitine (PLAC) and urinary organic acid (UOA) profiles of Filipino newborn babies screened at high risk for IEMS using MS/MS and single quadrupole GC-MS analytical techniques. Further, this study describes the process of determining the true positive cases of fatty acid oxidation disorders and some organic acidurias among screened Filipino newborn babies using different sample types such as plasma and urine via flow injection analysis with tandem mass spectrometry (FIA-MS/MS) and another technique such as gas chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (GC-MS).@*METHODOLOGY@#Plasma acylcarnitine and urinary organic acid analyses were performed using Waters® MS/MS and Agilent® single quadrupole GC-MS, respectively. Results obtained from PLAC and UOA databases and IEM registry of the Biochemical Genetics Laboratory (BGL) covering the period 2015-2021 were utilized to account for the number of confirmed cases out of the total number screened positive for IEMs. Descriptive statistics was also used to evaluate the detection rates of FAODs and Organic Acidurias in Filipino newborn babies screened to be high risk.@*RESULTS@#Plasma acylcarnitine analysis was introduced by BGL only in 2015. Data from 2015-2021, indicated 176 true positives out of 1642 babies screened at high risk for FAODs and organic acidurias. The use of plasma and urine samples for measurements in MS/MS and GC-MS yielded a detection rate of 10.7% with 104 Filipino newborn babies afflicted with fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAOD) while 72 were found to be confirmed cases of organic acidurias. Medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency was reported to be the most common FAOD with 67 cases. Organic acidurias such as glutaric aciduria type 1 and 3-Methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase (3-MCC) deficiency were found to be common with 34 and 26 true positives, respectively. @*CONCLUSION@#The plasma acylcarnitine and urinary organic acid profiles of Filipino newborn babies with fatty acid oxidation disorders and organic acidurias obtained via MS/MS and GC/MS, respectively, were presented in this paper. This study emphasizes the importance of conducting confirmatory testing to establish the true positives from among those Filipino newborns flagged to be at high risk for FAODs or organic aciduria. The confirmatory tests are based on the use of different samples such as urine and plasma in order to detect and quantify biomarkers for FAODs and organic acidurias using two different analytical techniques such as MS/MS and GC-MS. This study warrants further studies directed towards the validation of analytical methodologies for targeted measurements of biomarkers of IEMS in urine and plasma of newborn babies to increase the efficiency of establishing true positives and to determine the efficiency of administration of interventions on Filipino children with genetic disabilities, that is, for monitoring purposes.

Effect of down-regulation of FABP5 on radiation damage of human keratinocytes / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective:To investigate the effects of down-regulation of FABP5 (fatty acid binding protein 5) on radiation damage of skin cells, and explore underlying mechanism.Methods:A lentiviral vector with down-regulated FABP5 was constructed to infect human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) cells, and the transfection efficiency was examined. The HaCaT cells were divided into blank control group, FABP5 down-regulation group (FABP5), radiation group (IR), and FABP5 down-regulation combined with radiation group (FABP5+ IR). After 6 MV X-ray radiation, cell proliferation viability was measured by CCK-8 assay, cell migration was detected by scratch assay, apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry, radiosensitivity was evaluated by cloning formation assay, and the cellular protein expressions of PARP1, γ-H2AX, AKT and p-AKT were detected by Western blot.Results:FABP5 was successfully knocked-down in both RNA level ( t=25.14, P<0.05) and protein level ( t=20.06, P<0.05). The down-regulation of FABP5 decreased the abilities of cells proliferation ( t=3.55, 5.88, 3.18, P<0.05) and migration ( t=15.44, P<0.05), but increased cell resistance to irradiation with a radiosensitization ratio of 0.782. The apoptosis rate of FABP5+ IR group was significantly lower than IR group (22.05±6.71)% vs. (9.82±1.45)%, t=3.08, P<0.05. The protein levels of PARP1 and γ-H2AX in FABP5+ IR group were also lower than those in the IR group 0.04±0.04, 0.11±0.06, 0.26±0.11, 0.22±0.07, 0.21±0.10, 0.52±0.22, 0.57±0.06, 0.43±0.02( t=2.83, 3.07, 4.50, 5.33, P<0.05), while the protein level of p-Akt in FABP5+ IR group was higher than that in IR group ( t=-16.24—3.02, P<0.05). Conclusions:Down-regulation of FABP5 inhibited cell proliferation and migration, increased radioresistance, and reduced radiation-induced apoptosis and DNA damage of skin cells probably through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

The value of serum related cytokines in predicting intestinal mucosal injury in severe acute pancreatitis patients / 中国医师杂志

Objective:To analyze the value of serum related cytokines in predicting intestinal mucosal injury in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and its correlation with intestinal mucosal injury.Methods:A total of 92 patients with SAP admitted to the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 2020 to December 2021 were included in the study. According to the presence or absence of intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction, the patients were divided into intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction group (33 cases) and non-intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction group (59 cases). Another 100 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Clinical data of the subjects were collected. Serum levels of procalcitonin (PCT), D-lactic acid (D-L), endotoxin, diamine oxidase (DAO), citrulline and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) of the three groups were compared, and the correlation between the above indexes was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the value of each indicator in predicting intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in SAP patients.Results:The levels of serum PCT, D-L, endotoxin, DAO and I-FABP in intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction group, non-intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction group and control group showed a downward trend, while the level of serum citrulline showed an upward trend, with statistically significant difference (all P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum citrulline was negatively correlated with serum PCT, D-L, and endotoxin levels ( r=-0.740, -0.629, -0.310, all P<0.05); There was a positive correlation between serum DAO and serum PCT, D-L and endotoxin levels ( r=0.482, 0.779, 0.338, all P<0.05); There was a positive correlation between serum I-FABP and serum PCT, D-L and endotoxin levels ( r=0.613, 0.421, 0.341, all P<0.05). The ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of serum PCT, D-L, endotoxin, DAO, citrulline, and I-FABP predicting intestinal mucosal injury in SAP patients were 0.816, 0.789, 0.732, 0.801, 0.812, and 0.857, respectively. The AUC of the combination of the above indicators predicting intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in SAP patients was 0.909, significantly higher than that predicted by each index alone (all P<0.05). Conclusions:The occurrence of intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in SAP patients may be related to the increase of serum PCT, D-L, endotoxin, DAO, I-FABP levels and the decrease of citrulline levels. It may be considered to predict the risk of intestinal mucosal injury by detecting the levels of various indicators in patients′ serum.

Trans-fatty acid content in edible vegetable oil under different high temperatures / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveAn experimental method was established to determine the level of trans-fatty acids in edible vegetable oil and the changes of trans-fatty acid content during high-temperature simulated cooking. MethodsFour common edible vegetable oils on the market were selected， and three temperature points were set at 180 ℃ （light stir-fry）， 220 ℃ （fry） and 260 ℃ （stir fry）. The samples were taken after the heat treatment of 0， 1， 2， 3， 4， 5， 6 and 7 hours，respectively， to investigate the changes of trans-fatty acid content. ResultsUnder the heat treatment of 180 ℃ and 220 ℃， the content of trans-fatty acids remained basically stable in rapeseed oil， corn oil， soybean oil and olive oil. Under the heating condition of 260 ℃， the content of trans-fatty acids in these four vegetable oils increased significantly， and the absolute content of trans-fatty acids in rapeseed oil was the highest， reaching 6.84%. Soybean oil showed the larger increase， up to 247.90% from the initial content. The content of trans-fatty acids in olive oil increased from 0.26% to 1.69%， although the increase was large， but the absolute content of trans-fatty acids was still low. The content of trans-fatty acids in sesame oil increased significantly under the three temperatures， reaching 4.79% when heated at 260 ℃， and an increase of 369.61% compared with no heating. ConclusionTrans-fatty acid content in edible vegetable oils increases significantly in the cooking process， the higher the temperature and the longer the cooking time， the more significant the increase. It is recommended to avoid high temperature cooking and long time fried food.

Pathogenesis of Metabolic Remodeling of Energy Substrate Based on Theory of Deficient Qi Stagnation and Progress of Chinese Medicine Intervention / 中国实验方剂学杂志

In the case of cardiac dysfunction， energy metabolism changes and the metabolism of myocardial substrates is reconstructed， as manifested by variation in the selection and utilization of energy substrates such as fatty acids and glucose. Persistent metabolic disorders of substrates will decrease energy supply， thus resulting in the occurrence and development of heart failure. Metabolic remodeling of substrate is resulted from the decline of visceral function and the accumulation of pathological products. Deficient Qi stagnation is the core pathogenesis. Deficient Qi （heart Qi deficiency， insufficient energy） is the root cause， which exists in the whole disease course. Stagnation （phlegm， blood stasis， fluid， lipid toxic products， lactic acid， etc.） is the symptom， which evidences the aggravation of the disease. Deficient Qi and stagnation are intertwined and causal， which form a spiral vicious circle. The typical syndrome is excess resulted from deficiency and deficiency-excess in complexity. The treatment principle is reinforcing healthy Qi and tonifying deficiency， dredging and removing pathogen. At the early stage， the method of reinforcing healthy Qi and tonifying deficiency （benefiting Qi） should be used， and the method of dredging and removing pathogen （activating blood） can be applied according to the conditions of patients. At the middle and late stages， both reinforcing healthy Qi and tonifying deficiency （benefiting Qi and warming Yang） and dredging and removing pathogen （activating blood， resolving stasis， and excreting water） should be emphasized. Chinese medicine can be applied according to the pathogenesis， thereby promoting the utilization of fatty acids， glucose， and other substrates and reducing the accumulation of toxic products derived from metabolic remodeling of substrate. Thus， both the root cause and symptoms can be alleviated， further improving cardiac energy metabolism and heart function.

The function and drug development progress of free fatty acid receptor 1 in chronic inflammatory diseases / 药学学报

As a member of G protein coupled-receptors superfamily, free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), is also known as GPR40, has been shown to regulate numerous pathophysiological processes in a variety of tissues and organs. The activated FFAR1 has a variety of biological functions. For instance, it can not only regulate metabolism of fatty acids and glucose, but also play an important role in immune inflammatory response, it may be a potential drug target for the treatment of various chronic inflammatory diseases. In this review, we focus on the recent researches of FFAR1's action in the regulation of pathophysiological processes, its molecular mechanism and new agonists development. At the same time, this review will take the discovery of series FFAR1 agonists as examples, and display the applied prospects of FFAR1.

Research progress on ferroptosis regulated by glycolysis-fatty acid metabolism in metabolic diseases / 药学学报

In metabolic diseases, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress are closely associated with ferroptosis. As a key regulatory factor, the imbalance between glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism can participate in ferroptosis directly or indirectly, thereby regulating the occurrence and development of various metabolic diseases. The essence of ferroptosis is a new regulatory cell death mode, which is caused by the excessive accumulation of iron-dependent lipid peroxide. It is closely related to glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism, which plays an important role in metabolic diseases. This regulatory cell death mode is significantly distinguished from other programmed cell death modes and has unique changes in cell morphology, symbolic characteristics and mechanisms. This paper first illustrates the main mechanism of glycolysis and fatty acid metabolism imbalance in the occurrence of ferroptosis, then reviews the research progress of ferroptosis in tumor, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and other metabolic diseases, and finally reveals the internal connection between glycolysis-fatty acid metabolism imbalance and ferroptosis, as well as its impacts on metabolic diseases, which provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases.

Research progress on role of free fatty acid receptors in nervous system diseases / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Free fatty acid receptors(FFARs)are a series of orphan G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)activated by free fatty acids(FFAs)and their derivatives. As transmembrane receptors,GPCRs are involved in the occurrence and development of many diseases and provide a wide range of therapeutic targets for these diseases. FFARs combined with FFAs are mainly involved in the secretion of endocrine hormones such as insulin,adipocyte differentiation,inflammatory response,autoimmune response and other processes,which was a potential therapeutic target for energy metabolism disorders and immune diseases. However,recent studies have shown that FFAs and its receptor FFARs are widely involved in neuroinflammation and neuroimmunity directly or through the brain-intestinal axis,and are expected to be a therapeutic target for multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer′s disease(AD),Parkinson′s disease(PD),depression and other diseases. This paper reviews the research progress of the role of FFARs in nervous system diseases.